Most family routes lead to ILR after 5 years of qualifying residence. Continuous residence and absences rules apply throughout and need active management.
Extensions in-country (FLR) must be filed before current leave expires. A late filing can reset the clock and undo years of progress.
ILR requires Life in the UK and English language certification, plus full continuous residence evidence.
British citizenship typically follows 12 months after ILR (or immediately for spouses of British citizens). Planning the full timeline from day one saves rework later.